Deep cleanings are performed in two stages: scaling and root planing. During scaling, the dental hygienist uses specialized tools to remove plaque and tartar from below the gum line, focusing on the areas between the teeth and gums. Root planing follows, where the roots of the teeth are smoothed to prevent future bacterial buildup and help the gums reattach to the teeth. The procedure may be completed in one or more visits, depending on the severity of the gum disease. Local anesthesia is often used to minimize discomfort, and the treatment may be followed by additional treatments such as antibiotic therapy to ensure thorough healing. After the procedure, patients may need to return for follow-up appointments to monitor progress and ensure that the gums are healing properly.